1 i also understand that medical wellness center is unable to accept any requests for cancellations or refunds for any medical consultations once submitted.
The Oregon Health Plan Medicaid Demonstration was devised as a means of expanding the Medicaid program to additional people while constraining total health care costs. The Medicaid Demonstration is one element in the Oregon Health Plan that is intended to provide health insurance coverage to all Oregonians. Per the 1989 legislation, the Oregon Health Plan operates under the following guidelines: 1. Medicaid services are to be delivered largely through managed care entities; 2. Health plans are to be paid at "levels necessary to cover the costs of providing services"; 3. A Health Services Commission HSC ; is to develop a list of "Prioritized Health Services" that will serve as the decision making tool for determining the level of covered services; 4. Should budget shortfalls develop, adjustments to the Medicaid budget are to be made by means of changing the level of covered services rather than by changing provider reimbursement levels or by changing the eligibility rules. Oregon's Office of Medical Assistance Programs staff engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers to develop expected per capita costs under the Oregon Health Plan OHP ; to assist in the legislature's decision making. This report describes the methods used in our analysis and our results, for example, zidovudine anemia.
Zidovudine and nevirapine
Regimens Basic Regimens Zidovudinee 300 mg bid with food or Tenofovir DF 300 mg qd ; + Lamivudine 300 mg qd or 150 mg bid or emtricitabine 200 mg qd Combivir 1 tab bid; Truvada 1 tab qd. Experience with AZT in PEP regimens; serious toxicity rare for PEP; nausea and fatigue common; probably safe in pregnancy; source patient may have resistant virus. FTC may cause pigmentation palms soles in dark-skinned persons, esp. African-Americans and Hispanic. FTC same resistance and safety as 3TC. TDF concentration with atazanavir and lopinavir ritonavir, monitor for TDF toxicity. Due to in ATV levels, boosted ATV regimen recommended with TDF ATV 300 mg qd + RTV 100 mg qd ; . Truvada may be better tolerated than Combivir. Zidovkdine Retrovir, AZT, ZDV ; : 100 mg capsules, 300 mg tablets, 10 mg mL syrup Tenofovir DF Viread, TDF ; : 300 mg tab Lamivudine Epivir, 3TC ; : 150 mg or 300 mg tablets, 10 mg mL oral solution Emtricitabine Emtriva, FTC ; : 200 mg caps and 10 mg mL oral solution note: adult dose of solution is 240 mg 24 mL ; po qd ; Combivir AZT + 3TC ; tablets: each tab contains 300 mg AZT and 150 mg 3TC Truvada TDF + FTC ; tablet: each tab contains 300 mg TDF and 200 mg FTC Comments Dosage Form.
Table 4: Design of First Clinical Study in Women Group N Dose Level 0.5% w w SPL7013 1 12 8 active, 4 placebo ; Gel 1.0% w w SPL7013 2 12 8 active, 4 placebo ; Gel 3.0% w w SPL7013 3 13 9 active, 4 placebo ; Gel Doses 7 for 12 participants, 3 for 1 participant Interval 24-hour, for example, zidovudine syrup.
Artificial inseminations. In vitro fertilizations and all other procedures intended to enhance fertilization, including but not limited to gamete intrafallopian transfer GIFT ; . Infertility prescription drugs for the treatment of infertility.
Fifty-two children were enrolled Table 1 ; . The age at the initiation of therapy ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 months median, 2.0; interquartile range, 1.5 to 2.6 ; in the early-therapy cohort and 3.5 to 24 months median, 7.6; interquartile range, 4.8 to 11.5 ; in the delayed-therapy cohort Table 1 ; . Twenty-four 46 percent ; mothers had received antiretroviral therapy before or during pregnancy or at both times. Thirtyone of the 52 children 60 percent ; had received antiretroviral therapy before study entry. Twenty-seven of these 31 children 87 percent ; received zidovudine monotherapy as attempted prophylaxis against HIV transmission. Four additional children who had not received prophylaxis had received dual therapy with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors for several weeks before enrollment range, 4 to 10 weeks ; . Three children withdrew from the study before completing 16 weeks of therapy. In one child, therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and abacavir was discontinued after two weeks because of fevers and rash, which were thought to represent hypersensitivity to one of the study medications. Another infant withdrew at her parents' request after two weeks of therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. A third child withdrew after 13 weeks of therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine and compazine.
The risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: A meta-analysis of 15 prospective cohort studies. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 977-87. Thisyakorn U, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P. Risk reduction of HIV-1 vertical transmission: progress and implementation in Thailand. HIV&AIDS Current Trends 1998; 4: 1-3. Thisyakorn U, Khongphatthanayothin M, Sirivichayakul S, et al. Thai Red Cross Zidovudinw Donation Program to Prevent Vertical Transmission of HIV: The Effect of the Modified ACTG 076 Regimen. AIDS 2000; 14: 2921-7. Rongkavilit C, Thisyakorn U, Phanuphak P. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Thai Red Cross zidovudine donation programme. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection. September 2000. Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 795-802. Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Coeur S, et al. A trial of shortented zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 982-91. Hanenberg R, Rojanapithayakorn W, Kunasol P, Sokal D. The impact of Thailand's HIV-control programme, as indicated by the decline of sexually transmitted diseases. Lancet 1994; 344: 243-5.
Zidovudine indication
One respondent cited figures 10-15% higher than those available from Medical Access. According to their interview, they are now planning to procure generic ARVs. In March 2001, patent rights had been provided in Uganda for Zidovudine, Lamividine and Combivir. Under the African Growth and Opportunity Act AGOA ; , countries which would like access to a programme of reduced tariffs on agricultural and textile exports to the US must comply with a range of conditionalities, including the introduction of TRIPs-compliant measures and prochlorperazine.
Injected into a vein A rare side effect of nucleoside analogue drugs which causes a high level of lactic acid in the body All white blood cells A lower than normal level of leukocytes in the blood Loss of body fat from limbs and face A disruption in the way the body produces, uses and distributes fat A type of white blood cell Taking drugs for a period of time after an infection has been treated, to stabilise the condition or prevent a recurrence Monotherapy Taking a drug on its own, as opposed to in combination with other drugs Myopathy Muscle wastage due to disease or drug side effect Nucleoside Analogue Also known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. A class of anti-HIV drug, which blocks the action of the enzyme, reverse transcriptase. They include Abacavir, Didanosine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, and Zudovudine Neuropathy Any abnormal, degenerative or inflammatory state of the peripheral nervous system Neutropenia A low number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a white blood cell important in defending the body against infections Neutrophil A white blood cell which plays a central role in the immune system. Neutrophils are the immune system's main defence against bacterial infections NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. A class of anti-HIV drug, which blocks the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. They include Nevirapine, Delavirdine and Efavirenz NRTI Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. See Nucleoside Analogue. NtRTI Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. A class of drug which works in a similar wayt N T' Only one o RI s. currently available in this type - Tenofovir O. I. Opportunistic Infections. Specific infections that cause disease to those with HIV or other immunosuppressed persons. Peripheral neuropathy A disorder of the nerves, usually involving the hands, feet, arms and legs. Symptoms may include numbness, a tingling or burning sensation, sharp pain, weakness and abnormal reflexes. In severe cases, paralysis may result. Caused by HIV, Hepatitis C, alcohol and or be a side effect of some drugs. This condition can often be successfully treated. PCP PCP is an infection of the lungs caused by the micro-organism Pneumocystis zerofir. It causes disease only in people with weakened immune systems. Sometimes the organism can also affect other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, liver and occasionally the eyes. PML Progressive Multifocal Leukoencaphalopathy. Rare disease of the central nervous system resulting in the destruction of the protective sheath that covers nerves. Prophylactic A drug that helps to prevent a disease before it occurs. For example, Septrin is a prophylactic treatment that prevents PCP and Toxoplasmosis. Prophylaxis Taking a drug to prevent yourself from getting an illness. Protease A substance in the blood that breaks down proteins. HIV has a protease enzyme that it uses to make more virus Protease Inhibitors Protease inhibitors or PI's ; are used in the treatment of HIV infection in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. Protease is one of HIV's enzymes; its role is to break up the long chains of HIV proteins that are produced inside infected cells. Protease inhibitors prevent protease from cutting the protein chains into the shortest pieces that HIV needs to make new virus particles. By working in this way protease inhibitors reduce the number of new active copies of HIV that can infect other cells. They include Amprenavir, Atazanovir, Indinavir Crixivan ; , Lopinavir r Kaletra ; , Nelfinavir Viracept ; , Ritonavir Norvir ; and Saquinavir Invirase & Fortovase ; Resistance The ability of a disease to overcome a drug. For example, after long- term use of AZT, HIV can develop strains of virus in the body that are no longer suppressed by this particular drug, and therefore are said to be resistant to AZT. Retinitis Inflammation of the retina, a part of the eye, which can be caused by cytomegalovirus CMV ; infection. If left untreated, CMV retinitis can lead to blindness. Retrovirus Retroviruses are RNA viruses that transcribe their genetic material into DNA using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase An enzyme that is needed by HIV to get inside cells and make more of itself. Salvage therapy Treatment for individuals who don't respond to or who can't take standard treatments for a condition Symptomatic Infection with symptoms. Someone who is symptomatic has anti-bodies to HIV and has visible signs or symptoms of HIV infection. T cells White blood cells that play an important part in the immune system. There are three different types of T cells, each of which has different subsets. The commonly measured T cells are helper T cells, killer T cells, and suppressor T cells. Viral load The amount of measurable virus in a blood sample. Tests used to measure virus are PCR polymerease chain reaction assay or Amlicor ; and bDNA. branched DNA assay ; . The result provides information about the risk of disease progression. The test is also used to find out how well an anti-HIV treatment is working. This information was produced by the Information Exchange of the HIV GU Medicine Directorate of the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. For more information please call 020 8746 5929.
If you'd like to purchase this article, it's only $ 0 aids therapies stavudine ; clinical efficacy of monotherapy with stavudine compared with zidovudine in hiv-infected, zidovudine-experienced patients - a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial and coreg.
European markets, both EU and non-EU, grow faster than established markets at the heart of the continent. The Group's growth over the previous year, which reached 5% in 2006 despite price reductions for drugs in many west European countries and a general drop in pharmaceutical expenditure, must be viewed in light of these phenomena. The opening of new affiliates in Russia, Turkey and the Netherlands represents a tangible indication of these strategic choices, which have already been confirmed by results achieved in Russia in 2006. The Group's commercial organisations are present today in most European countries: Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Greece, Austria, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia!
Drug Name Rescriptor Retrovir Capsule ; Retrovir I.V. Infusion Reyataz Sustiva Trizivir Truvada Videx Solution for Reconstitution ; Viracept Viramune Viread Zerit Ziagen Zidovudien Capsule, Tablet ; Zidovudine Syrup ; Malaria Drugs Chloroquine Phosphate 250mg Tablet ; Chloroquine Phosphate 500mg Tablet ; Daraprim Fansidar Malarone Mefloquine HCl Primaquine Phosphate Quinerva Quinine Sulfate Parasitic Infection Drugs Acticin Albenza Alinia Biltricide Eurax Lindane Mebendazole Mepron and losartan.
Table 2. Mean rise in FEV1, FVC and FEV1 FVC after treatment with levothyroxin in hypothyroid patients Spirometric parameters FEV1 Lit ; FVC Lit ; FEV1 FVC ratio Mean 0.216 * 0.218 1.29.
Stavudine zidovudine
Treatment was reinstituted after 24 days of interruption. Seven days nevirapine, followed by 5 days zidovudine. Increased transaminase levels were later demonstrated to be secondary to disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection and antimycobacterial treatment was not instituted during the interruption of antiretroviral therapy. t.i.d., Three times a day; o.d., once a day and crestor.
There is a lot more to learn about healthy eating. Ask you doctor or nurse to refer you to a dietitian who can help you with your own personal healthy eating plan, for example, zidovudine dose.
The aims of this pilot study are centred on method development and the provision of evidence as to whether the methods are capable of detecting change after the introduction of an EPR system. Therefore, the project team, researchers and data collecting pharmacists made detailed notes during the study as to the practicality of the methods used and the perceived validity of the data collected and rosuvastatin.
Table 8. Antibiotic Resistance Among S. pneumoniae Isolates, 12 94-1 96 n 112, for example, zidovudine oral solution.
Source: drug topics date: 10 11 2004 by: charlotte lobuono costs of the research, development, and approval of new veterinary pharmaceuticals continue to rapidly increase and tranexamic.
The rediscovery of psychedelic drugs by the West: The psychoactive effect of LSD was first discovered in the 1940s by Dr Albert Hofmann. The Swiss chemist accidentally absorbed the compound that he had synthesised as a potential medicine for the company Sandoz 6. After initial trials conducted by Hofmann and his colleagues, LSD was disseminated throughout the world by Sandoz to many psychiatrists. In the 1950s it was used in a number of applications. Initially thought to be useful as a psychotomimetic for therapists to take themselves to help them understand the experience of psychosis ; it was later found to be a helpful tool to assist in psychotherapy. The patient under the influence of LSD had the ability to recall distant, repressed memories and revisit past traumatic experiences with great clarity. Many patients, who had previously been disabled by unremitting neuroses, were able to benefit from this approach 7. Exploring the nature of the psychedelic experience: There are entire genres of art, literature and music dedicated to this subject. It is rumoured that Shakespeare enjoyed cannabis in his pipe and the chemical excursions into the inner worlds of Byron, De Quincy and William James are legendary. From a medical point of view there is general agreement that these drugs act as potent psychotropic agents. The main psychedelic effects probably arise as a result of partial agonism of 5-HT 2A ; receptors in the cerebral cortex. Other receptors are undoubtedly involved as well, particularly the noradrenergic receptors of the Locus Coreuleus 8. The LC is the nucleus that fires in response to the brain's detection of a novel stimulus in the environment. It is thought that under the influence of LSD the LC fires continuously thus everything is experienced a novel and exciting and which may explain why hippies can stare wide-eyed for hours at otherwise banal objects.
Cases are hiv-infected infants; controls are infants whose mothers should have received zidovudjne but did not and cymbalta.
Zidovudine cost
Reference List 1 Vollebregt JA, Metz JCM, De Haan M, Hugtenburg JG, De Vries TPGM. Learing objectives for undergraduate pharmacotherapy knowledge, skills and attitudes; a national survey. Amsterdam: VUmc 2004. 2 Vollebregt JA, Metz JCM, De Haan M, Hugtenburg JG, De Vries TPGM. The competence in pharmacotherapy skills of Dutch final year medical students: a descriptive study. Amsterdam: VUmc 2004. 3 Vollebregt JA, Metz JCM, De Haan M, Hugtenburg JG, De Vries TPGM. The ability of preclinical medical students to learn cognitive pharmacotherapy skills; a randomised controlled trial. Amsterdam: VUmc 2004. 4 Schmidt HG, Norman GR, Boshuizen HPA. A Cognitive Perspective on Medical Expertise: Theory and Implications. Acad Med 1990; 65: 611-621. Charlin B, Tardif J. Scripts and medical diagnostic knowledge: theory and applications for clinical reasoning instruction and research. Acad Med 2000; 75: 182-190. Denig P, Haaijer-Ruskamp F. Therapeutic decision making of physicians. Pharm Weekbl Sci ; 1992; 14: 9-15. De Vries TPGM. Presenting clinical pharmacology and therapeutics: A problem based approach for choosing and prescribing drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 35: 581-586. Coles C. How students learn: the process of learning. Jolly B, Rees L, Editors. Medical Education in the Millenium. 1998; 63-82. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press 9 Ashley EA. Medical education - beyond tomorrow. The new doctor - Asclepiad or Logiatros? Med Educ 2000; 34: 455-459. Branch WT jr, Paranjape A. Feedback and reflection: teaching methods for clinical settings. Acad Med 2002; 77: 1185-1188.
Zidovudine cost
40% of GP time is taken up with patients with minor ailments. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option Minor illness and injury account for around 75% of A&E attendances. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option And 15% of these could have been dealt with through self care 40% of prescriptions from OOH GP visits are for OTCs Effective self care can result in a 50% reduction in days off work 51% of people prefer their family doctor to provide them with health information. DH Commissioned MORI survey 2005 A&E visits can reduce by up to 50%. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option Outpatient visits can reduce by 17%. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option Hospital admissions can be halved. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option 50% of prescribed medicines are not used after collection. DH EOR Division Around 80% of GP consultations relate to long term conditions of which 25% are minor complaints People with diabetes have approximately 3 hours contact in a year with a health professional and do self care for the remaining 8757 hours in a year using the advice provided during their 3 hours with a health professional. DH, Self Care A Real Choice, Self Care Support a Practical Option 44% of people said that their family doctor never or hardly ever encouraged them to self care. DH Commissioned MORI survey 2005 44% of people also said that their hospital doctor or nurses never or hardly ever encouraged them to self care. DH Commissioned MORI survey 2005 Approximately 30% of all calls into NHS Direct are given self care information. NHS Direct and duloxetine and zidovudine, for instance, zidovusine interaction.
20. Dilger K, Greiner B, Fromm MF, Hofmann U, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. Consequences of rifampicin treatment on propafenone disposition in extensive and poor metabolizers of CYP2D6. Pharmacogenetics. 1999; 9: 551-559. Dilger K, Hofmann U, Ulrich K. Enzyme induction in the elderly: effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propafenone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 67: 512-520. Li AP, Reith MK, Rasmussen A, et al. Primary human hepatocytes as a tool for the evaluation of structure-activity relationship in cytochrome P450 induction potential of xenobiotics: evaluation of rifampin, rifapentine, and rifabutin. Chem Biol Interact. 1997; 107: 17-30. Blaschke TF, Skinner MH. The clinical pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Infect Dis. 1996; 22 suppl 1 ; : S15-S22. 24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated guidelines for the use of rifabutin or rifampin for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients taking protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000; 49: 185-189. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Washington, DC, and San Francisco, Calif: Dept of Health and Human Services and the Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation; 2001. 26. Polk RE, Brophy DF, Israel DS, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction between amprenavir and rifabutin or rifampin in healthy males. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001; 45: 502-508. Spradling P, McLaughlin S, Drociuk D, Ridzon R, Pozsik C, Onorato I. Concurrent use of rifabutin and HAART: evidence for reduced efficacy. Paper presented at: 13th International AIDS Conference; July 9-14, 2000; Durban, South Africa. 28. Narita M, Stambaugh JJ, Hollender ES, Jones D, Pitchenik AE, Ashkin D. Use of rifabutin with protease inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virusinfected patients with tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30: 779-783. Mycobutin package insert. In: Physicians' Desk Reference. 53rd ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Books; 1999: 2501-2502. 30. Gallicano KD, Sahai J, Shula VK, et al. Induction of zidovudind glucuronidation and amination pathways by rifampicin in HIV-infected patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999; 48: 168-179. De Gast M, Burger D, De Lange W, Van Crevel R. Double trouble: a pharmacokinetic study of indinavir ritonavir 800 + 100mg bid ; and rifampin for patients co-infected with TB and HIV. Paper presented at: Second International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy; April 2-4, 2001; Noordwijk, the Netherlands. 32. Lopez-Cortex LF, Ruiz R, Viciana A, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between rifampin and efavirenz in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection. Paper presented at: Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 4-8, 2001; Chicago, Ill. 33. Hung CC, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Yang SJ, Lo PY, Chang SC. Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy combined with rifamycin-containing antituberculous therapy in HIV-1 infected patients with tuberculosis. Paper presented at: Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; February 4-8, 2001; Chicago, Ill. 34. Gatti G, Merighi M, Hossein J, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of dapsone administered biweekly to human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996; 40: 2743-2748. Hafner R, Bethel J, Standiford HC. Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and azithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001; 45: 1572-1577. Apseloff G, Foulds G, LaBoy-Goral L, Willavize S, Vincent J. Comparison of azithromycin and clarithromycin in the interactions with rifabutin in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998; 38: 830-835.
Amdoxovir [ ; D-2, 6-diaminopurine dioxolane DAPD ; ] is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 ; replication. DAPD is deaminated by adenosine deaminase to the guanosine analogue dioxolane guanosine DXG ; , which is subsequently phosphorylated to the corresponding 5 triphosphate DXG-TP ; . DXG-TP competes with the natural substrate dGTP for binding to the enzyme-nucleic acid complex. Mycophenolic acid MPA ; and ribavirin RBV ; , inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase IMPDH ; , inhibit the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, including dGTP. Reducing the intracellular levels of dGTP would be expected to augment the antiviral activity of analogues of deoxyguanosine. In this study we examined the effect of MPA and RBV on the anti-HIV activity of DAPD and DXG. When tested against wild-type virus, both MPA and RBV decreased the 50% effective concentration EC50 ; for DXG by at least 10-fold. In contrast, both MPA and RBV increase the EC50 value for zidovudine. MPA and RBV completely reversed the resistance to DXG observed with HIV isolates containing mutations which confer partial resistance to DAPD and DXG. Similarly, when tested against a mutant virus fully resistant to inhibition by DAPD K65R Q151M ; , MPA and RBV reduced the EC50 for DAPD to within twofold of that for the wild type. The combination of MPA or RBV with DAPD or DXG did not result in increased cytotoxicity or reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA when tested at physiologically relevant concentrations. These studies suggest a potential role for the use of IMPDH inhibitors in combination therapy with amdoxovir in the treatment of HIV and cytotec.
| Zidovudine brand name retrovirThe Company believes a development project meets stringent criteria for deferral and amortization. No development costs have been deferred to date. j ; Revenue recognition: The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at the time the product is shipped or upon delivery, which is when title passes to the customer, and when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. Contract research payments and milestone payments are generally recognized over the life of the technology license agreement to which they relate, unless the payments clearly have no relationship to potential future production, royalty, or other related arrangements. License fees and royalty advances are deferred and amortized over the life of the relevant agreements. k ; Cost of sales, marketing and product development: Cost of sales, marketing and product development include all costs pertaining to the sales of marketable nutraceutical and pharmaceutical end-products, all costs related to identifying and developing a market for the Company's products, costs related to the manufacturing development and upscaling of the Company's product lines until a market has been established and the products are sold, and any write-down of start-up inventory to net realizable value. l ; Government assistance: Government assistance is accounted for using the cost-reduction method when receipt of the government assistance is reasonably assured. During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Company received $38 year ended December 31, 2002 - $12; the five-month period ended December 31, 2001 - $63; year ended July 31, 2001 - $455 ; of government assistance which has been offset against research and development expense. m ; Income taxes: Income taxes are reported using the asset and liability method, whereby future tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Income taxes are recorded based on enacted or substantially enacted income tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded for the portion of the future tax assets for which the realization of value is not considered to be more likely than not. n ; Foreign currency translation: The Company's functional and reporting currency is the Canadian dollar. Foreign currency denominated transactions are translated into Canadian dollars at the rate of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies have been translated into Canadian dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Any gains or losses resulting on translation have been included in the determination of income.
You and your doctor will talk about your medical history and your lifestyle and work out a drug combination for you. It's likely that COMBIVIR lamivudine 150 mg zidovudine 300 mg ; can be part of that combination.
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