Active ingredient s ; : metoprolol fumarate.
The Probation and Welfare Service allocated a Senior Probation and Welfare Officer27 part-time ; and two Probation and Welfare Officers full-time ; to the Drug Court Team. Their primary role is to: Be at the centre of the justice system, the offender and drug treatment Work to maximise drug abusing offenders' motivation to change, and specifically to engage with drug treatment. Be the community based case manager on behalf of the Drug Court. Facilitate interventions and treatment progression routes with and on behalf of the offender. Co-ordinate the management of lapse and relapse where these occur in the course of the Drug Court programme. Link on behalf of the Drug Court with the community it serves. Link with Probation Service and other appropriate programmes and resources for the enhancement of the Drug Court Programme and the benefit of programme participants. Role of the Community Welfare Officer Taking a holistic approach, the Community Welfare Officer provides advice, information and practical assistance where appropriate, on welfare issues, to the participants of the court. The welfare officer will sometimes act as an advocate for the participant with other service providers agencies. In cases involving participants who are holes, the welfare officer will act as a link to accommodation providers, both emergency and long-term, because metoprolol 25.
September 2005 Dear Healthcare Professional: Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, Inc. has become aware of reports of medication errors involving TOPAMAX topiramate ; tablets and TOPROL-XL metoprolol succinate ; extended-release tablets, a product of AstraZeneca LP, leading to patient exposure to the wrong drug. Based on a review of spontaneous reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, and the United States Pharmacopoeia, prescriptions for TOPAMAX and TOPROL-XL have been incorrectly written, interpreted, labeled, and or dispensed. Possible explanations for these medication errors include similarity in names between TOPAMAX and TOPROL-XL, proximity of the two products on pharmacy shelves and or in computerized listings, and identical dose strengths in the tablet formulations. Efforts to address this situation are currently under way within pharmacies, as part of a broad range of activities the company is undertaking to raise awareness of the issue in the pharmacy and medical communities and with patients taking TOPAMAX. TOPAMAX and TOPROL-XL are available in identical strengths but can be distinguished by their shapes, color and markings see Figures 1 and 2 ; . Another similarity between TOPAMAX and TOPROL-XL is dose titration, which is recommended for both products when initiating therapy. The TOPAMAX starting dose may be administered once or twice daily, maintenance dosing is twice daily; and the TOPROL-XL starting and maintenance dosing is once daily. Figure 1: TOPAMAX topiramate ; Tablets are available as debossed, coated and round tablets.
This report contains certain forward-looking statements about AstraZeneca. Although we believe our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, any forward-looking statements may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those predicted. Forward-looking statements are identified in this report by using the words `anticipates', `believes', `expects', `intends' and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, certain of which are beyond our control, include, among other things: the loss or expiration of patents, marketing exclusivity or trade marks; the risk of substantial adverse litigation government investigation claims and insufficient insurance coverage; exchange rate fluctuations; the risk that R&D will not yield new products that achieve commercial success; the risk that strategic alliances will be unsuccessful; the impact of competition, price controls and price reductions; taxation risks; the risk of substantial product liability claims; the impact of any failure by third parties to supply materials or services; the risk of failure to manage a crisis; the risk of delay to new product launches; the difficulties of obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals for products; the risk of failure to observe ongoing regulatory oversight; the risk that new products do not perform as we expect; the risk of environmental liabilities; the risks associated with conducting business in emerging markets; the risk of reputational damage; and the risk of product counterfeiting. For example, during 2004 compared to 2003 and, to a lesser extent, during 2005 compared to 2004, sales in the US of Losec Prilosec, Plendil, Zestril and Nolvadex fell significantly following anticipated patent expiries or the end of marketing exclusivity. We believe that we have robust patent protection for many of our most important products. Trade mark protection for our products is also an important element of our overall product marketing programmes. Combined with patent protection or other types of marketing exclusivity, products protected by a valid trade mark usually generate higher revenues than those not protected by a trade mark. We believe that we have trade mark protection for many of our most important products. However, trade mark protection may be challenged by third parties. course of our activities, we may become aware of broad patents owned by others relating to some of our intellectual property, and in some instances we may receive notices from the owners of patents claiming that their patents may be infringed by the development, manufacture or sale of some of our products and candidate drugs. In response, we may obtain licences, determine that our products do not infringe the patents or that the patents are not valid, or we may make various modifications that we believe should not infringe the patents and that should permit commercialisation of our products. There can be no assurance that any of our currently patented products will not be the subject of intellectual property litigation in the future, despite our efforts to establish and defend the most robust patent protection. There can be no assurance that we would prevail in a patent infringement action; will be able to obtain a licence to any third party patent on commercially reasonable terms; successfully develop non-infringing alternatives on a timely basis; license alternative non-infringing technology, if any exists, on commercially reasonable terms; or whether patent protection is available at all. If we are not successful during the patent protection or data exclusivity periods in maintaining exclusive rights to market one or more of our major products, particularly in the US where we have our highest revenue and margins, our revenue and margins would be adversely affected. For example, we were involved in litigation in the US and elsewhere during 2005 relating to omeprazole, the active ingredient in Losec Prilosec, and in the US, relating to metoprolol succinate, the active ingredient in ToprolXL, concerning the infringement of certain patents, including formulation patents, by generic manufacturers. In January 2006, the US District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri issued a decision holding that certain of our US compound and composition patents relating to metoprolol succinate are unenforceable and invalid. We appealed the District Court decision to the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Also, during 2005, certain generic manufacturers filed Abbreviated New Drug Applications ANDAs ; with the US Food and Drug Administration containing paragraph IV certifications alleging invalidity and non-infringement in respect of certain of our patents relating to Nexium, Pulmicort Respules and Seroquel. Following filing of the ANDAs, we commenced patent infringement proceedings against such manufacturers.
Not used because the pharmacologic properties of atenolol are different from those of metoprolol and propranolol. Atenolol is a hydrophilic beta-blocker whereas metoprolol and propranolol are lipophilic. Lack of efficacy of atenolol for the prevention of NMS in the study by Madrid et al.33 might be explained by this property of atenolol. It is possible that the central action of beta-blockers have an important role in preventing syncope or presyncope.18 However, in a recent multicenter Prevention of Syncope Trial POST ; , metoprolol was also not effective in preventing NMS in the study population except for a weak trend to benefit in patients more than 42 years old.34 Although POST study was multicenter and placebo-controlled, enrolled patients had lower frequency of syncope spells 1.2 year ; compared to that of ours 2 6month ; . This might contributed to the fact that they failed to observe beneficial effects of bet-blockers in study population. Other issue may be related to the different end points followed in each study time to first syncope vs. syncope frequency ; . In a randomized study, syncope frequency would be a better end point. Although comparative efficacy of 1- and 2-receptor antagonists has been adequately studied in a rat model of the vasodepressor reaction, there has been no randomized and.
Aspirin, 325 mg chewable ; Sublingual nitroglycerin Nitrostat ; , one tablet every 5 min for total of three tablets ini tially, followed by IV form Nitro-Bid IV, Tridil ; if needed C IV therapy recommended for prompt response, followed by oral therapy. C Me6oprolol Lopressor ; , 5 mg IV every 5 min for three doses C Atenolol Tenormin ; 5 mg IV q5min x 2 doses C Esmolol Brevibloc ; , initial IV dose of 50 micrograms kg min and adjust up to 200-300 micrograms kg min 80 U kg IVP, followed by 15 U hr. Goal: aPTT 50-70 sec 1 mg kg IV, followed by 1 mg kg subcuta neously bid Eptifibatide Integrilin ; or tirofiban Aggrastat ; for patients with high-risk fea tures in whom an early invasive approach is planned and miacalcin.
UTILISATION, EDUCATION & PRACTICE SUB-COMMITTEE Dr Beard advised that the first meeting of the Utilisation, Education & Practice Sub-Committee had taken place in September. The Sub-Committee meet on a bi-monthly basis and would use the name Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee. a ; Terms of Reference Membership Attached with the agenda paper was the membership Terms of Reference for the Sub-Committee. This included the role, remit, membership, frequency of meetings, accountability and distribution of minutes. A GP and a nursing representative were sought. The role of the Sub-Committee is to manage the evaluation of medicines utilisation data in the local population. The overall aim is to ensure good quality prescribing, including the cost-effectiveness use of medicines in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Links with the Formulary and New Drugs Sub-Committee were essential. A discussion ensued around a point in the remit concerning the development of a database of protocols and policies. This had previously been carried out by local Drugs and Therapeutics Committees, and a policy will be required concerning the approval of policies and protocols, and how they are dealt with at local level. This work continues. The Committee would be kept advised of developments. NOTED.
Versial. Dr. Stephen Kish is using [C-11]-dasb to find definite evidence about the presence or absence of ecstasy's effects on the serotonin transporter. This work also illustrates the translation of pet research into public policies, as it will establish the extent to which ecstasy is harmful to the human brain. Current policies on ecstasy were influenced by the results of a pet study carried out in the United States. This study has now been shown to be wanting technically, particularly because of the lack of a suitable pet radiotracer. Using a meticulous approach and our superior pet imaging agent, we are carrying out a study preliminary data already obtained ; to determine definitively if ecstasy and a more potent related drug, mda which is often sold as "ecstasy" to drug users ; , are actually toxic to human brain cells. The results of this study will be important to the general public, governmental agencies involved in drug policy and the judiciary. The results will also provide, for and monopril, for example, meto0rolol uses.
In the gemini trial, important results were observed, including: * blood pressure: patients on coreg reached protocol specified blood pressure goals at a mean daily dose that is within the range that is commonly prescribed 35 mg patients receiving metprolol tartrate required a mean daily dose of 256 mg, a dose not routinely prescribed, to reach protocol specified blood pressure goals.
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In recent years, major randomized clinical trials--including the CIBIS II trial Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Trial II ; using bisoprolol, the MERIT-HF the Met0prolol CR XL Randomized Intervention Trail in congestive heart failure ; trial using mettoprolol controlled release extended release ; , and the COPERNICUS Carvedilol Prospective Randomised Cumulative Survival ; trial using carvedilol-- have shown that -blockers dramatically improve survival in patients with class II to IV heart failure. The trials showed efficacy in women as well as men, African Americans as well as whites, and older patients as well as younger patients. The trial investigators concurred on a dosing protocol that started with a very low dose and doubled the dose every 2 weeks until the maximum dose was reached. The recent CAPRICORN Carvedilol Post-Infarct Survival Control in Left Ventricular Dysfunction ; trial was the first to provide evidence about the effect of -blockers in class I patients left ventricular dysfunction and significant myocardial damage but no clinical congestive heart failure ; . The CAPRICORN investigators enrolled 1959 patients with a recent acute MI and left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.4 or less and randomly assigned them to reAnn Intern Med. 2004; 140: 203-210. For author affiliation, see end of text and morphine.
RATIONAL APPROACH TO GENETIC TESTING IN vWD The rationale for genetic testing of affected individuals can be summarized as follows. TYPE 1 VWD Genetic Testing of Affected Individuals. Genetic testing should not be performed as the initial screening test Figure 4 ; . Given its typically mild phenotype, the evolving state of knowledge of the molecular basis of type 1 vWD and the implication of locus heterogeneity, genetic testing of the proband for establishing the diagnosis of vWD is not currently recommended. Currently, genetic testing to differentiate patients with borderline reduced or borderline normal vWF levels from a normal state is not recommended. The role of testing for the presence or absence of Tyr1584Cys mutations remains to be defined.61 Further characterization of mutations found in pedigrees with vWD may aid in confirmation of the diagnosis but will not affect routine clinical management.21 Genetic Testing of At-Risk Family Members. Laboratory testing of potentially affected family members should consist of special coagulation testing vWD profile ; . Given the inconsistent genotype-phenotype correlation, genetic testing has no role as the initial screening test, even though the affected individuals in the family may have had a mutation identified.55 Prenatal Testing. In type 1 vWD, given the typically mild to moderate phenotype and complex issues related to genotype and phenotype correlation and finally the risks associated with the procedure, prenatal testing has no role. TYPE 3 VWD Genetic testing of families with type 3 vWD provides information that can significantly affect patient care; however, a critical appraisal of its utility is needed in each family Figure 5 ; . To address this, the following issues need to be considered: 1 ; do parents of the proband desire additional children; if they do 2 ; will they undergo prenatal testing; if they will 3 ; how will that information be used ie, will the parents desire termination of pregnancy if the fetus is found to be affected or is the information simply to know if the fetus is affected, which may assist in management of labor and delivery ; . For both possibilities, in experienced hands, fetal cord blood sampling may provide the information needed for both termination and management of the pregnancy, although chorionic villus sampling will permit an earlier diagnosis.48 For management of labor and delivery, unlike the case with severe hemophilia, 87 little is known about the risk of peripartum intracranial hemorrhage, but it seems to be low.
Methocarbamol [CARE], 56 methotrexate, 14, 15, 16 methotrexate sodium [INJ], 14 methyclothiazide, 33 methyldopa [CARE], 29 methyldopa hydrochlorothiazide [CARE], 32 methyldopate hcl [INJ], 29 methylin er, 22 METHYLIN soln, tab 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg ; , 22 methylin tab 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 22 methylphenidate er, hcl, 22 methylprednisolone, 44, 45 methylprednisolone acetate, sod succ [INJ], 44 metipranolol, 70 metoclopramide hcl, 48 metolazone, 33, 34 metoprolol tartrate, 28 metoprolol-hydrochlorothiazide, 32 METRO IV [G][INJ], 3 METROCREAM [G], 35 METROGEL, 35, 67 METROGEL-VAGINAL, 67 METROLOTION [G], 35 metronidazole, 3, 35, 67 metryl, 3 MEVACOR [G], 30 mexar, 36 mexiletine hcl, 27 mhp-a [CARE], 85 MIACALCIN inj, 47 MIACALCIN nasal drops sprays, 47 MICARDIS, 27, 32 MICARDIS HCT, 32 miconazole 3, 12 MICRHOGAM [INJ], 52 microgestin, fe, 65 MICRO-K, 63 MICRO-K 10 [G], 63 MICRONASE [G], 46 MICROZIDE [G], 34 midodrine hcl, 33 migergot, 22 MIGRALAM, 22 MIGRANAL, 22 MIGRATEN, 22 milrinone in 5% dextrose [INJ], 29 milrinone lactate [INJ], 29 MILTOWN [G][CARE], 18 MIMYX, 40 MINIPRESS [G], 34 MINIRIN [G], 47 MINITRAN [G], 31 2007 Express Scripts, Inc. 11 01 2006 and naproxen.
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Median Percent Change Drug Name Actonel Aricept Celebrex Fosamax furosemide Lipitor Lipitor metoprolol tartrate Nexium Norvasc Norvasc Plavix Prevacid Protonix Toprol XL Toprol XL Xalatan Zocor Zocor Zoloft All Drugs Strength 35 mg 10 mg 200 mg 70 mg 40 mg 10 mg 20 mg 50 mg 40 mg 5 mg 10 mg 75 mg 30 mg 40 mg 50 mg 100 mg 0.005 % 20 mg 40 mg 50 mg Dose Form tab tab tab tab tab tab tab cap tab tab tab tab tab tab tab tab sol tab tab tab Part D Plans 4.9% 6.0% 6.5% 0.0% 6.5% 4.7% -0.1% 3.5% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% 4.9% 0.0% 3.7% Manufacturer Average Wholesale Price AWP ; 4.9% 6.0% 6.5% 0.0% 6.5% 4.7% 0.0% 3.5% 3.2% 0.0% 3.4% 3.0% 0.0% 3.8 and nasonex.
4 Monitoring of patients receiving warfarin or phenytoin is recommended and a reduction of warfarin or phenytoin dose may be necessary. However concomitant treatment with Losec 20mg daily did not change the blood concentration of phenytoin in patients on continuous treatment with phenytoin. Similarly concomitant treatment with Losec 20mg daily did not change coagulation time in patients on continuous treatment with warfarin. Plasma concentrations of omeprazole and clarithromycin are increased during concomitant administration. This is considered to be a useful interaction during H. pylori eradication. There is no evidence of an interaction with phenacetin, theophylline, caffeine, propranolol, metoprolol, cyclosporin, lidocaine, quinidine, oestradiol, amoxycillin or antacids. The absorption of Losec is not affected by alcohol or food. There is no evidence of an interaction with piroxicam, diclofenac or naproxen. This is considered useful when patients are required to continue these treatments. Simultaneous treatment with omeprazole and digoxin in healthy subjects lead to a 10% increase in the bioavailability of digoxin as a consequence of the increased intragastric pH. 4.6 Pregnancy and Lactation There is no evidence on the safety of Losec in human pregnancy. Animal studies have revealed no teratogenic effect, but reproduction studies have revealed reduced litter weights. Avoid in pregnancy unless there is no safer alternative. There is no information available on the passage of Losec into breast milk or its effects on the neonate. Breast feeding should therefore be discontinued if the use of Losec is considered essential. 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines No effects are foreseen. 4.8 Undesirable effects Losec is well tolerated and adverse reactions have generally been mild and reversible. The following have been reported as adverse events in clinical trials or reported from routine use but in many cases a relationship to treatment with omeprazole has not been established. Skin rash, urticaria and pruritus have been reported, usually resolving after discontinuation of treatment. In addition photosensitivity, bullous eruption, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema and alopecia have been reported in isolated cases. Diarrhoea and headache have been reported and may be severe enough to require discontinuation of therapy in a small number of patients. In the majority of cases the symptoms resolved after discontinuation of therapy. Other gastrointestinal reactions have included constipation, nausea vomiting, flatulence and abdominal pain. Dry mouth, stomatitis and candidiasis have been reported as isolated cases.
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If the dosage of metoprolol had been effectively less than that of carvedilol, then metoprolol should have been better tolerated.
This non-technical patient guide to treatment is available in 12 languages. It explains what combination therapy is, how well it works, who can benefit from it, when to start taking it, some differences between treating men and women, side effects, the best combinations, changing treatment, taking part in drug trials, your relationship with your doctor, the importance of adherence, and how to avoid drug resistance. Printed and or PDF versions of earlier versions of this booklet are available in other languagues and ortho.
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